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    VFS
    Earnings call· Dec 2025(Q4 FY25)

    VinFast Auto Q4 FY25 earnings call VFS

    Mar 16, 2026 Source

    Executive summary

    VinFast Q4 FY25 — Record Deliveries and Strategic Global Expansion

    VinFast achieved record EV and 2-wheeler deliveries in Q4 FY25, driving significant revenue growth and gross margin improvement, primarily due to increased scale and cost optimization. The company is strategically expanding its global manufacturing footprint and product portfolio, including next-gen and range extender EVs, while focusing on software-defined vehicles and AI integration to drive future profitability. Despite a one-time impairment charge for its US factory, VinFast remains committed to its long-term growth and market expansion plans.

    Highlights

    5
    • Delivered 86,557 EVs in Q4 FY25, a new quarterly record for the company.

    • Full-year 2025 EV deliveries reached 196,919, exceeding guidance to at least double 2024 deliveries.

    • Full-year 2025 2-wheeler deliveries grew 5.7x to 406,496 units.

    • Q4 FY25 revenue was $1.6 billion, up 118% QoQ and 139% YoY.

    • Gross margin improved to negative 40% in Q4 FY25 from negative 79% in Q4 FY24.

    Concerns

    5
    • Adjusted EBITDA for Q4 FY25 was negative $1 billion, a 20% decline YoY.

    • Net loss for Q4 FY25 was negative $1.4 billion.

    • EPS for Q4 FY25 was negative $0.6, a decline of 15% YoY.

    • Recorded a $236 million impairment charge for the North Carolina factory in Q4 FY25.

    • R&D expenses increased 7% QoQ and 7% YoY to $114 million.

    Guidance & targets

    8
    CategoryTargetConfidence
    EV deliveries
    at least 300,000 EVs
    high materiality
    High
    2-wheeler deliveries
    at least 2.5x last year volume
    medium materiality
    High
    North Carolina factory SOP
    2028
    medium materiality
    Medium
    VF-8 REEV launch
    starting 2027
    low materiality
    Medium
    Next-gen VF-6 and VF-7 SOP
    second half 2026
    medium materiality
    High
    CapEx
    around $1.6 billion
    high materiality
    High
    VF-7 launch in U.S.
    before the end of the year
    medium materiality
    High
    Humanoid robot trials
    second half of 2026
    low materiality
    Medium

    Segment performance

    3
    SegmentRevenueYoYQoQMargin
    International Markets
    International markets showed strong ramp-up in deliveries, particularly in Indonesia, the Philippines, and India, contributing significantly to overall deliveries. The company has achieved notable market rankings in these regions.
    Q4 FY25 Deliveries: 18% of totalFY25 Deliveries: 11% of totalIndia BEV ranking (December): #4Indonesia BEV ranking (FY25): #3Philippines BEV ranking (FY25): #2
    Vietnam
    VinFast maintained its #1 OEM position in Vietnam, significantly increasing market share. VF-3 and VF-5 models were key contributors to domestic volumes, and the company also leads the electric scooter market.
    FY25 Market Share: 36%FY24 Market Share: 22%VF-3 and VF-5 share of domestic volumes: 51%Electric scooter player ranking: #1
    Commercial (Green brand)
    The commercial-focused Green brand saw strong traction from fleet and B2B customers, accounting for a significant portion of Q4 deliveries.
    Q4 FY25 Deliveries: nearly half of total

    Operational metrics

    39
    EV deliveries
    86,557new quarterly record
    Q4 FY25

    Strongest quarter to date for EV deliveries.

    EV deliveries
    196,919exceeded guidance to at least double 2024 deliveries
    FY25

    Full year deliveries exceeded company guidance.

    2-wheeler deliveries
    406,4965.7x growth
    FY25

    Full year 2-wheeler deliveries reached a new high.

    Revenue
    $1.6 billionup 118% QoQ and 139% YoY
    Q4 FY25

    Strongest financial performance to date.

    Revenue
    $3.6 billionincreased by 105% YoY
    FY25

    Full year revenue growth.

    Gross margin
    -40%compared to -79% in Q4 FY24
    Q4 FY25

    Improvement driven by higher production volumes absorbing fixed manufacturing overhead.

    Gross margin
    -43%compared to -57% in FY24
    FY25

    Full year gross margin improvement.

    Gross margin (excluding one-time items)
    -28%compared to -26% in Q4 2024
    Q4 FY25

    Excludes impact of free charging program, deferred revenue, and NRV adjustment.

    Gross margin (excluding one-time items)
    -24%compared to -32% in 2024
    FY25

    Full year gross margin improvement excluding one-time items.

    R&D expenses
    $114 millionincreasing 7% QoQ and 7% YoY
    Q4 FY25

    Primarily driven by investment in next-gen vehicle platforms, ADAS L2+, EE 2.0 architecture, and model refreshing.

    R&D as percentage of revenue
    7%lowest in the past 5 quarters
    Q4 FY25

    Reflects benefits of scale as revenue growth outpaced R&D spend.

    SG&A expenses
    $391 millionincreasing 126% QoQ and 50% YoY
    Q4 FY25

    Sequential increase driven by higher marketing expenses for new model launches.

    North Carolina factory impairment charge
    $236 millionone-off expense
    Q4 FY25

    Reflects revised project timing, expected to be reversed in the future.

    SG&A expenses as percentage of revenue (excluding impairment)
    10%compared to 24% in Q3 2025 and 40% in Q4 2024
    Q4 FY25

    Improvement reflects benefits of scale and cost optimization from dealer model transition.

    Adjusted EBITDA
    -$1 billion20% decline YoY
    Q4 FY25

    Adjusted EBITDA for the quarter.

    Adjusted EBITDA margin
    -65%compared to -80% in Q3 2025 and -129% in prior year
    Q4 FY25

    Improvement in adjusted EBITDA margin.

    Adjusted EBITDA margin
    -66%compared to -103% in FY24
    FY25

    Full year adjusted EBITDA margin improvement.

    Adjusted EBITDA margin (excluding one-time items)
    -37%compared to -36% in Q3 2025 and -52% in same period last year
    Q4 FY25

    Excludes delayed revenue recognition, impairment charge, and NRV adjustment.

    Net loss
    -$1.4 billion
    Q4 FY25

    Net loss for the quarter.

    Net loss margin
    -89%improved by 96% YoY from -186%
    Q4 FY25

    Significant improvement in net loss margin.

    Net loss margin
    -108%improved by 68% YoY from -176%
    FY25

    Full year net loss margin improvement.

    Net loss margin (excluding one-time items)
    -62%compared to -84% in Q3 2025 and -94% in same period last year
    Q4 FY25

    Excludes delayed revenue recognition, impairment charges, and NRV adjustment.

    EPS
    -$0.6decline of 15% YoY
    Q4 FY25

    EPS for the quarter.

    EPS
    -$1.65compared to -$1.32 in FY24
    FY25

    Full year EPS.

    EPS (excluding one-time items)
    $0.41
    Q4 FY25

    Excludes similar items as net loss adjustment.

    EPS (excluding one-time items)
    $1.25decline of 15% YoY
    FY25

    Full year EPS excluding similar items.

    CapEx
    $304 millionincrease of 16% QoQ and 25% YoY
    Q4 FY25

    Driven by CapEx across new overseas factories and Vietnam facilities expansion.

    CapEx
    $922 million
    FY25

    Total CapEx for the full year.

    Outstanding borrowings from Vingroup
    $413 million
    as of 2025-12-31

    Under previously announced grant and borrowings commitment.

    Disbursement from founder (grant agreement)
    $1.1 billion
    total

    Total received pursuant to the grant agreement.

    Total liquidity
    $3.1 billion
    as of 2025-12-31

    Reflects cash funding commitment from Vingroup, founder, and an ELOC facility.

    Hai Phong plant utilization
    70%
    end of 2025

    Flagship factory ramped up to above 70% capacity.

    Battery swapping stations
    4,500
    as of January 2026

    Installed across Vietnam by V-Green, supported by retail and logistics partnerships.

    BOM cost reduction (VF-6)
    13%
    current

    Largest reduction in BOM cost for VF-6.

    BOM cost reduction (VF-7)
    23%
    current

    Largest reduction in BOM cost for VF-7.

    BOM cost reduction (next-gen vehicles)
    20-30%
    2026

    Expected further improvements across multiple models, supported by transition to next-generation vehicle platforms.

    Annual BOM optimization
    5%
    annual

    Expected moderate annual BOM optimization.

    Deliveries to related parties (GSM)
    27%broadly stable YoY
    FY25

    Primarily to the EV ride-hailing platform, GSM.

    Deliveries to related parties (GSM)
    33%higher share
    Q4 FY25

    As GSM rapidly scaled its fleet network in Indonesia and the Philippines.

    Industry KPIs

    3
    MetricValueDetails
    Autonomous robotaxi metricsLevel 2+ and Level 2++ towards Level 4
    Vehicle deliveries wholesales196,919units
    Ev unit volumes mix segment economics18%%

    Product announcements

    6
    ProductTypeDetails
    Limo Green and VF MPV 7launch
    Next generation of VF-6 and VF-7roadmap
    Range extender EV models (beginning with VF-8 REEV)roadmap
    VF-6 model (B-SUV)launch
    VF-7 (C-segment electric SUV)launch
    E-bus businesslaunch

    Deals & partnerships

    3
    Autobrains TechnologiesCollaboration on autonomy roadmap for Level 2+ and Level 2++ towards Level 4a number of years

    VinFast has been working with Autobrains, a leading AI mobility company based in Israel, for several years, including a demonstration of a self-driving robot car.

    TensorCollaboration for Level 4 autonomous Robo-Cars; VinFast as manufacturing and industrialization partner

    Tensor is a pioneering AI company developing personally owned Level 4 autonomous Robo-Cars. Fully functional prototypes have been tested, and the program is advancing towards commercialization.

    VinRoboticsCollaboration to accelerate development of advanced robotics and intelligent automation across VinFast operations

    VinRobotics focuses on industrial humanoid robots and a scalable non-humanoid physical AI platform. Integration of VinRobotics' systems into VinFast manufacturing operations.

    Risks & headwinds

    3
    Impairment charge for North Carolina factoryQ4 FY25

    $236 million

    Mitigation: Management views this as a one-off charge reflecting revised project timing, not a change in long-term commitment to the U.S. market. Expects to reverse impairment in the future as construction resumes.

    Higher oil prices potentially influencing EV adoption dynamics

    Industry commentary suggests $4 per gallon gasoline could accelerate mass EV adoption.

    Mitigation: Higher oil prices reinforce the long-term EV value proposition by focusing consumers on total cost of ownership. VinFast's strategy focuses on improving cost competitiveness, expanding product lineup, and broadening EV accessibility.

    Uncertainties in the U.S. EV market and automotive tariffsuntil factory open in 2028

    Not quantified, but impacts dealership expansion strategy.

    Mitigation: Disciplined approach to expanding dealership network in the U.S. until the factory opens in 2028. Focus on profitability and retaining existing dealers, and improving quality of third-party service network rather than quantity.

    What to watch in Q1 FY26

    5

    EV deliveries

    next quarter
    Current86,557 units (Q4 FY25)
    TargetProgress towards 300,000 units (FY26)

    Why it matters

    Verifying the ramp-up towards the ambitious FY26 delivery target is crucial for assessing the company's growth trajectory and operational execution.

    Looking ahead, our 2026 guidance is targeting at least 300,000 EV deliveries.

    Q&A highlights

    6

    Can VinFast confirm interest in hybrid vehicles and their potential financial impact?

    VinFast plans to launch the VF-8 REEV in Vietnam starting 2027, leveraging existing BEV platforms with manageable R&D. It's viewed as an interim solution to expand EV accessibility and address a broader market, not a material shift in strategy.

    Well, VF-8 REEV was planned for launch in Vietnam starting 2027 and with overseas rollout expected over time. The development basically leverages our existing BEV platforms and incremental R&D requirements will be fairly manageable.

    asked by Jesse · answered by Thu Nguyen Pham

    3 min read6 chapters

    Detailed Narrative

    01

    Strategic Investment and Path to Profitability

    VinFast's strategic investments in technology, industrial capabilities, and global expansion are anchored to making electric mobility accessible. The company's R&D philosophy centers on a vertically integrated software-defined EV platform, leveraging over 400,000 cumulative car deliveries and 4 years of real-world driving data. For 2026, the focus is on scale and unit cost optimization, supported by overseas capacity expansion, next-gen vehicle commercialization, and AI integration for smart cars and efficient production, aiming for profitability.

    02

    Record Deliveries and Market Share Gains

    VinFast delivered 196,919 EVs for the full year 2025, exceeding its guidance, with Q4 alone setting a new record of 86,557 EVs. The 2-wheeler segment also saw significant growth, with full-year deliveries up 5.7x to 406,496 units. In Vietnam, VinFast maintained its #1 OEM position with an estimated 36% market share in 2025, up from 22% in 2024. International markets contributed 18% of Q4 deliveries and 11% for the full year, with notable progress in India, Indonesia, and the Philippines.

    03

    Global Manufacturing Expansion and Product Portfolio

    VinFast operates 4 manufacturing facilities globally with a combined annual capacity of 600,000 EVs and 500,000 e-scooters. New facilities were opened in Ha Tinh, Vietnam, Tamil Nadu, India, and Subang, Indonesia in 2025. The company plans to resume construction of its North Carolina factory in 2026, targeting SOP in 2028. The product portfolio has expanded to three distinct brands (VinFast, Green, Lac Hong), including new MPV models and plans for next-gen VF-6 and VF-7 models with lower BOM costs, and range extender EV models.

    04

    Technology and Software-Defined Vehicles

    VinFast is investing in owning more of its technology stack, focusing on ADAS and software roadmaps. The company is collaborating with Autobrains Technologies for Level 2+ and Level 2++ autonomy and with Tensor for Level 4 autonomous Robo-Cars, serving as a manufacturing partner. Internally, VinFast is advancing its transition to EE 2.0 architecture, expected to drive meaningful BOM cost reductions through ECU consolidation and simplified wiring. Proprietary subscription packages with remote control and smart features have been introduced in Vietnam, with plans for expansion.

    05

    Cost Optimization and Margin Improvement

    The company's Q4 FY25 financial performance reflected early benefits of scale, with revenue of $1.6 billion and gross margin improving to negative 40% from negative 79% YoY. Excluding one-time📎 adjustments, Q4 gross margin would have been negative 28%. Cost optimization programs, including BOM optimization, production scale, supplier pricing, localization, and engineering optimization, are driving these improvements. Next-gen vehicle platforms are expected to deliver 30% to 40% lower BOM costs, with an additional 5% annual optimization anticipated.

    06

    Ecosystem Expansion and Dealer Network

    VinFast is expanding its dealer network across Asia, Europe, and North America, aiming to double its footprint in India and partner with large groups in Indonesia and the Philippines. The GSM ride-hailing platform is rapidly scaling its fleet network, contributing to 33% of Q4 deliveries to related parties. The 2-wheeler strategy is expanding across 5 Asian markets, supported by the V-Green battery swapping network, which had 4,500 stations installed across Vietnam by January 2026.

    AI-generated summary of the company’s earnings call. Not investment advice.