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    BAC
    Earnings call· Mar 2025(Q1 FY25)

    BANK OF AMERICA CORP /DE/ BAC

    Apr 15, 2025 Source

    Executive summary

    Bank of America Q1 FY25 — Strong Organic Growth and Capital Returns

    Bank of America delivered a strong Q1 FY25, driven by robust organic growth across its consumer, wealth management, and global markets segments, alongside effective expense management. The company highlighted its significantly strengthened balance sheet and credit profile, positioning it well for potential economic shifts. Management reiterated its NII and expense guidance for the full year, emphasizing a commitment to capital returns despite ongoing regulatory uncertainties.

    Highlights

    5
    • Net income grew 11% year-over-year to $7.4 billion, with EPS up 18% to $0.90.

    • Revenue increased 6% year-over-year to $27.5 billion on an FTE basis.

    • Net interest income (FTE) grew 3% year-over-year to $14.6 billion, reaching the high end of guidance.

    • Deposits grew for the seventh straight quarter, reaching nearly $2 trillion at quarter end, up 8% from mid-2023 lows.

    • Returned $6.5 billion of capital to shareholders, including $4.5 billion in share repurchases, reducing shares by 3% year-over-year.

    Concerns

    3
    • Noninterest expense was $17.8 billion, including $500 million in seasonal elevation from payroll taxes and markets-related costs.

    • Litigation costs were higher by $160 million related to a recent decision in a long-running matter.

    • Economic uncertainty, particularly around tariffs and policy changes, is causing small businesses to slow down investment decisions.

    Guidance & targets

    5
    CategoryTargetConfidence
    Full-year 2025 NII exit rate (FTE)
    $15.5 billion to $15.7 billion
    high materiality
    High
    Full-year 2025 NII improvement
    6% to 7%
    high materiality
    High
    Full-year 2025 expense growth
    2% to 3%
    medium materiality
    Medium
    Full-year 2025 effective tax rate
    11% to 13%
    low materiality
    High
    Medium-term ROTCE target
    2.3%
    high materiality
    High

    Segment performance

    4
    SegmentRevenueYoYQoQMargin
    Consumer Banking
    Strong organic growth driven by high-touch and high-tech capabilities. NII growth complemented by fee improvement in card and service charges. Expenses rose 6% due to business investment and compliance costs. Digital adoption and engagement continued to improve.
    Net new checking accounts: 250,000Investment balances: $498 billionInvestment balances growth: 9% YoYFull year investment flows: $22 billionEnding deposits: $972 billionAverage deposits: $948 billionAverage deposits growth: $5.2 billion QoQRate paid on deposits: 61 bps
    $10.5 billion3%$2.5 billion net income
    Wealth Management
    Strong quarter with increased banking product usage from investing clients. Revenue growth was solid, offset by higher revenue-related costs and continued investments in technology and hiring experienced advisors. Deposits were relatively stable QoQ.
    Asset management fees growth: 15% YoYAverage loans growth: 6% YoYAUM flows (past 12 months): $79 billionNet new households: 7,200Rates paid on deposits: -25 bps QoQ
    $6 billion8%$1 billion net income
    Global Banking
    Earnings modestly lower YoY due to higher expense of investment, offsetting lower credit costs. Revenue was flat, with lower NII offset by higher other income from leveraged finance positions and treasury services. Expense increased 6% YoY due to technology and operations investments. Good growth in commercial loans, mitigated by decline in CRE loans.
    Investment banking fees: $1.5 billionInvestment banking fee position: #3Average global banking deposits growth: 9% YoY
    $6 billion0%$1.9 billion net income
    Global Markets
    Continued strong revenue and earnings performance, achieving operating leverage. Equities led growth, benefiting from increased client activity amid market volatility. Expenses were up 9% YoY due to revenue improvement and continued investments.
    Sales & Trading revenue (ex-DVA): $5.6 billionSales & Trading revenue growth (ex-DVA): 9% YoYEquities revenue growth: 17% YoYFICC revenue growth: 5% YoYReturn on allocated capital: 16%
    10% (ex-DVA)$1.9 billion net income

    Operational metrics

    63
    Net income
    $7.4 billion+11% YoY
    Q1 FY25

    Solid start to 2025.

    Diluted EPS
    $0.90+18% YoY
    Q1 FY25

    Aided by reduced outstanding shares.

    Revenue (FTE)
    $27.5 billion+6% YoY
    Q1 FY25

    Most revenue items showed improvement year-over-year.

    Return on Assets (ROA)
    89 bps
    Q1 FY25

    Produced in the first quarter.

    Return on Tangible Common Equity (ROTCE)
    14%
    Q1 FY25

    Produced in the first quarter, with a medium-term target of 2.3%.

    Global excess liquidity
    $942 billionUp YoY
    Average Q1 FY25

    Remained strong.

    Shareholders' equity
    $296 billionFlat QoQ, +$2 billion YoY
    Ending Q1 FY25

    Includes a $10 billion increase in common equity partially offset by a 28% reduction in preferred stock.

    Tangible book value per share
    $27.12+9% YoY
    Q1 FY25

    Reflects strong performance and capital management.

    Long-term debt increase
    $21 billion
    Q1 FY25

    Driven by funding needs to support growth in client assets.

    Average global banking rate paid
    -24 bpsQoQ decline
    Q1 FY25

    Reflects disciplined pricing as short rates declined.

    Overall rate paid on deposits
    179 bpsFrom 194 bps in Q4 FY24
    Q1 FY25

    Lower in every business segment.

    NII (GAAP non-FTE)
    $14.4 billion
    Q1 FY25

    Reported NII before fully taxable equivalent adjustment.

    NII headwind from fewer days
    $250 million
    Q1 FY25

    Impact from 2 fewer days of interest accrual compared to Q4.

    NII sensitivity (100bps instantaneous decline)
    -$2.2 billion
    Next 12 months

    Assumes rates move instantaneously 100 bps lower than the 4 cuts already expected in the April 10 curve.

    NII sensitivity (100bps instantaneous increase)
    +$1 billion
    Next 12 months

    Assumes rates move instantaneously 100 bps higher than the forward curve.

    Securities paydowns
    $8 billion to $9 billion
    Per quarter

    Part of fixed rate asset repricing benefiting NII.

    Mortgage loan paydowns
    $4 billion to $5 billion
    Per quarter

    Part of fixed rate asset repricing benefiting NII.

    Cash flow swap repricing gain
    150 bps
    Per quarter

    Benefits NII, more staggered in roll down.

    Noninterest expense
    $17.8 billionUp <3% vs Q1 FY24
    Q1 FY25

    Includes seasonal elevation and higher litigation expense.

    Seasonal expense elevation
    $500 million
    Q1 FY25

    From payroll tax expense and markets-related revenue costs.

    Litigation expense
    $160 million
    Q1 FY25

    Driven by a recent decision in a long-running matter.

    FDIC special assessment accrual release
    $300 million
    Q4 FY24

    Impacted Q4 FY24 expense, making QoQ comparison higher.

    Operating leverage
    300 bps
    Q1 FY25 vs Q1 FY24

    Revenue grew 300 bps faster than expense.

    Provision expense
    $1.5 billion
    Q1 FY25

    Matched net charge-offs, asset quality remains sound.

    Net charge-offs
    $1.45 billionModestly down QoQ
    Q1 FY25

    Fifth consecutive quarter hovering around $1.5 billion.

    Net charge-off ratio
    54 bpsFlat QoQ
    Q1 FY25

    Total net charge-off ratio.

    Consumer net charge-offs
    $1.1 billionConsistent with past few quarters
    Q1 FY25

    90% driven by credit card.

    Commercial net charge-offs
    $333 millionDown modestly QoQ
    Q1 FY25

    Part of overall sound asset quality.

    Effective tax rate
    9%
    Q1 FY25

    Reflects discrete impact of share-based compensation awards and tax credits.

    Implied unemployment rate (for reserves)
    ~6%
    FY25-FY26

    Current reserve allocation positions the company for an unemployment rate around 6%.

    Card reserve allocation
    7.4%
    Q1 FY25

    Against a current charge-off rate of around 4%.

    Mortgage and second lien total
    $260 billion
    Q1 FY25

    Total exposure in these products.

    Average FICO score (residential mortgage)
    >770
    Q1 FY25

    For average borrowers.

    Average DTI (residential mortgage)
    35%
    Q1 FY25

    For average borrowers.

    Average DTI (home equity)
    39%
    Q1 FY25

    For average borrowers.

    Loan-to-value (LTV) for mortgage products
    <50%
    Q1 FY25

    Leaves strong equity positions.

    Pre-financial crisis mortgage exposure
    >$400 billion
    Early 2007

    Compared to current repositioned portfolios.

    Credit card outstandings
    $100 billion
    Q1 FY25

    Current balance.

    Average FICO score (credit card)
    777
    Q1 FY25

    For average borrower.

    Credit card exposure <660 FICO
    12%
    Q1 FY25

    This is the only consumer unsecured exposure in the portfolio.

    Pre-financial crisis credit card balance
    $150 billion1.5x current balance
    Q4 2007

    Compared to current portfolio.

    Total assets
    $3.35 trillionUp $88 billion QoQ
    Ending Q1 FY25

    Driven by higher levels of client activity in global markets.

    Total Loss Absorbing Capital (TLAC)
    $468 billion
    Q1 FY25

    TLAC ratio remains comfortably above requirements.

    Other income impact from one-timers
    $0.03
    Q1 FY25

    Impact per share from leveraged finance gains and legal settlement.

    Residential mortgage loan portfolio purchase
    $8 billion
    Q1 FY25

    High quality portfolio, allows potential to expand customer relationships.

    Shares reduced
    3%YoY
    Q1 FY25

    In aggregate, aiding EPS growth.

    Deposits growth from mid-2023 low
    8%
    Q1 FY25

    Reached nearly $2 trillion at quarter end.

    Commercial loan growth (ex-CRE)
    9%YoY
    Q1 FY25

    Strong growth across nearly every line of business.

    Consumer spending growth
    4.4%
    Q1 FY25 vs Q1 FY24

    Across all consumer spending methods (debit, credit, ACH, checks, Zelle).

    Consumer spending growth (early April)
    5%
    First 12 days of April

    Continued pace, indicating solid consumer activity.

    Regulatory capital
    $200 billion
    Q1 FY25

    Strong balance sheet position.

    Total RWA
    $1.7 trillion
    Q1 FY25

    Context for RWA growth.

    RWA increase
    $16 billion
    Q1 FY25

    Driven by increased investment in Global Markets and higher loan balances.

    Supplemental Leverage Ratio (SLR)
    5.7%
    Q1 FY25

    Leaves capacity for balance sheet growth.

    Commercial loan portfolio investment grade/collateralized
    >90%
    Q1 FY25

    Reflects high quality of the portfolio.

    Consumer loans reduction (since 2009)
    >$200 billion
    Since Q4 2009

    Reflects concentrated effort to focus on relationship loans and prime credit customers.

    Equity increase (since 2009)
    $93 billion
    Since Q4 2009

    Reflects balance sheet strengthening.

    CCAR stressed housing price fall
    35%
    Stress scenario

    Assumption in the 2024 CCAR scenarios.

    CCAR stressed commercial real estate price decline
    40%
    Stress scenario

    Assumption in the 2024 CCAR scenarios.

    CCAR stressed equity price drop
    50%
    Stress scenario

    Assumption in the 2024 CCAR scenarios.

    G-SIB calculation data basis
    2012 data
    Historical

    Management argues it should be indexed to current economic size.

    US economy nominal growth (since pandemic)
    30%
    Since pandemic

    Used to argue for G-SIB indexing.

    Cash and government-guaranteed securities
    $1.2 trillion
    Q1 FY25

    Portion of balance sheet that could be impacted by SLR relief.

    Industry KPIs

    13
    MetricValueDetails
    Loans$1.09 trillionUSD
    DepositsNearly $2 trillionUSD
    Rotce ROE14%%
    Cet1 ratio11.8%%
    Capital returns$6.5 billionUSD
    Fee income lines
    Allowance reserves
    Net interest income$14.6 billionUSD
    Net interest margin
    Net charge offs npls$1.45 billionUSD
    Total operating expenses$17.8 billionUSD
    Provision for credit losses$1.5 billionUSD
    Efficiency ratio operating leverage

    Risks & headwinds

    4
    Economic uncertainty and potential slowdown2025-2026

    GDP growth rates lowered for 2025, no rate cuts expected in 2025 by BofA research team, but potential for rate cuts in 2026.

    Mitigation: Strengthened balance sheet, improved risk profile, diversified loan book, and robust reserve position (implied 6% unemployment rate for reserves).

    Impact of tariffs and policy uncertainty on business investmentNear-term

    Small businesses are slowing down investment decisions due to uncertainty.

    Mitigation: Working with clients to navigate supply chain alignment; diversified business model allows shifting focus to areas less impacted by trade policies (e.g., services, domestic growth).

    Regulatory uncertainty (Basel III Endgame, G-SIB surcharge)Medium-term

    Lack of full clarity on capital aspects; G-SIB calculations based on 2012 data not indexed to current economic size.

    Mitigation: Advocating for fair indexing of G-SIB calculations and relief in SLR requirements for riskless assets; continuing to grow into capital base while maintaining strong CET1.

    NII headwind from future rate cuts2026 and beyond

    4 rate cuts expected in the April 10 curve, with some later in the year; 100bps instantaneous decline could decrease NII by $2.2 billion over 12 months.

    Mitigation: Fixed rate asset repricing benefits NII; expected loan and deposit activity growth would offset some interest rate impact; liability-sensitive Global Markets business may benefit NII with lower rates.

    What to watch in Q2 FY25

    5

    NII exit rate for Q4 FY25

    Next quarter
    CurrentOn track for $15.5 billion to $15.7 billion (FTE)
    TargetConfirmation of unchanged target range

    Why it matters

    NII is a primary driver of bank profitability, and its trajectory is sensitive to interest rate changes and economic activity.

    Bottom line, our fourth quarter exit rate expectation for NII is unchanged at $15.5 billion to $15.7 billion from our previous expectation.

    Q&A highlights

    7

    Given the CET1 cushion and increased buyback, what is the comfortable CET1 level, and will the $4.5 billion buyback pace be sustained?

    The company is growing into its capital by investing in the business and increasing share buybacks. While there's no ultimate CET1 destination due to regulatory uncertainty, they have flexibility and are focused on maintaining a strong CET1 while growing the business.

    So we're sort of growing into our capital at this point by investing in the business, and we still have some flexibility to increase the share buyback. So I don't think we have an ultimate destination in mind right now on CET1, recognizing that we don't have full clarity yet on all the aspects of capital, and we'd like to see that before we determine it.

    asked by Steven Chubak · answered by Alastair Borthwick

    2 min read6 chapters

    Detailed Narrative

    01

    Balance Sheet Strength and Risk Profile

    Bank of America emphasized its significantly improved risk profile and strengthened balance sheet compared to previous periods of economic dislocation. The company highlighted its $201 billion in regulatory capital and nearly $1 trillion in liquidity. The loan portfolio has shifted to a more balanced and geographically diverse mix, with over 90% of the commercial loan portfolio being investment grade or collateralized. Consumer loans are down over $200 billion since 2009, with home equity loans down $125 billion and unsecured credit card loans down $60 billion, reflecting a focus on high-quality prime credit customers. The company's equity is $93 billion higher than in Q4 2009.

    02

    Digital Engagement and Sales Momentum

    Digital engagement continues to expand across all businesses, with over 14 billion log-ins in 2024 and Erica surpassing 2.7 billion interactions. The CashPro app for commercial customers shows strong adoption. Zelle transactions are 3x the number of checks written and 1.3x the number of checks plus ATM cash transactions. Digitally enabled sales in the consumer product business reached 65% of total sales, indicating strong client adoption of digital channels.

    03

    Consumer Spending Trends

    Consumer spending, encompassing debit, credit cards, ACH, checks, and Zelle, grew at a 4.4% pace in Q1 FY25 compared to Q1 FY24. This pace has continued into the first part of April, running at 5%. While some retailers may report slower sales, the aggregate data suggests consistent consumer spending, albeit with shifts in behavior. Management noted that consumers remain 'solidly in the game' despite broader economic uncertainties.

    04

    Regulatory Environment and Capital

    Management discussed the potential for regulatory relief under the new administration, particularly regarding the Supplemental Leverage Ratio (SLR) and G-SIB calculations. They argued that G-SIB calculations, based on 2012 data, have not been indexed to the growth of the U.S. economy, leading to an artificial increase in capital requirements relative to the bank's actual systemic footprint. Relief in SLR requirements for riskless assets like treasuries and cash ($1.2 trillion on the balance sheet) could free up capital and improve liquidity provision to clients.

    05

    Commercial Loan Growth Drivers

    The company's consistent commercial loan growth, which outpaced peers, is attributed to sustained investments in expanding its commercial banking teams globally and domestically. This includes building out more commercial bankers in various regions and increasing the number of private bankers and wealth management bankers. Enhanced efficiency through artificial intelligence and machine learning helps direct calling capacity, leading to increased 'new logos' (new client acquisitions) in the commercial business, which are now maturing into higher balances and outstandings.

    06

    Small Business Outlook Amid Uncertainty

    Small business clients are currently trying to understand the implications of various policies, including tariffs, deregulation, immigration, and tax changes. While they are currently profitable and liquid, concerns about how these policies will affect their businesses are slowing down investment decisions. Management noted that this uncertainty could lead to a prolonged period of cautious decision-making, impacting future growth, particularly for businesses sensitive to trade and economic shifts.

    AI-generated summary of the company’s earnings call. Not investment advice.