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    RKLB
    Earnings call· Dec 2025(Q4 FY25)

    Rocket Lab Q4 FY25 earnings call RKLB

    Feb 26, 2026 Source

    Executive summary

    Rocket Lab Q4 FY25 — Record Revenue and Backlog, Neutron Launch Delayed

    Rocket Lab delivered record financial results in Q4 FY25, driven by strong execution in both launch and Space Systems, highlighted by a significant SDA contract award. The company continues its vertical integration strategy through strategic acquisitions and is making substantial progress on Neutron development, despite a revised launch timeline to Q4 2026 following a manufacturing defect in the Stage 1 tank.

    Highlights

    5
    • Achieved a new annual revenue record of $602 million in 2025, representing 38% year-on-year growth.

    • Recorded a record Q4 revenue of $180 million, up 36% from Q4 last year.

    • Backlog reached a record $1.85 billion at the end of Q4, an increase of 73% from Q4 2024.

    • Awarded the largest contract in company history, an $816 million deal from the SDA for 18 spacecraft.

    • Achieved record GAAP gross margin of 38% and non-GAAP gross margin of 44.3% in Q4.

    Concerns

    3
    • Neutron's first launch is now targeted for Q4 2026, a delay attributed to a manufacturing defect in the Stage 1 tank.

    • Q1 FY26 GAAP gross margin is expected to decline to 34-36% from 38% in Q4 FY25 due to a mix shift.

    • Q1 FY26 non-GAAP gross margin is expected to decline to 9-41% from 44.3% in Q4 FY25 due to a mix shift.

    Guidance & targets

    10
    CategoryTargetConfidence
    Q1 2026 Revenue
    $185 million and $200 million
    high materiality
    High
    Q1 2026 GAAP Gross Margin
    34% to 36%
    medium materiality
    High
    Q1 2026 Non-GAAP Gross Margin
    9% to 41%
    medium materiality
    High
    Q1 2026 GAAP Operating Expenses
    $120 million and $126 million
    medium materiality
    High
    Q1 2026 Non-GAAP Operating Expenses
    $106 million and $112 million
    medium materiality
    High
    Q1 2026 GAAP and Non-GAAP Net Interest Income
    $8 million
    low materiality
    High
    Q1 2026 Adjusted EBITDA Loss
    $21 million and $27 million
    high materiality
    High
    Q1 2026 Basic Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding
    approximately 605 million shares
    low materiality
    High
    Neutron First Launch
    Q4 2026
    high materiality
    Medium
    Electron/HASTE Launch Growth
    ~20%
    medium materiality
    Medium

    Segment performance

    2
    SegmentRevenueYoYQoQMargin
    Space Systems
    The sequential decrease was primarily stemmed from the satellite platforms business and solar businesses, despite both performing exceptionally well, due to programmatic nonlinearity of revenue recognition under ASC 606 and related subcontractor progress.
    Satellite platforms business: sequential decreaseSolar businesses: sequential decrease
    $103.8 million-9.1%
    Launch Services
    The quarter-over-quarter increase was due to the increase from 4 to 7 launches during the period, including 1 HASTE mission.
    Launches: 7 in Q4 (up from 4 in Q3)HASTE missions: 1 in Q4
    $75.9 million85%

    Operational metrics

    43
    Annual Revenue
    $602 million38% YoY growth
    FY25

    New annual revenue record.

    Q4 Revenue
    $180 million36% YoY growth; 16% QoQ growth
    Q4 FY25

    Record quarter revenue.

    GAAP Gross Margin
    38%100 bps QoQ increase
    Q4 FY25

    Record gross margin for the quarter.

    Non-GAAP Gross Margin
    44.3%240 bps QoQ increase
    Q4 FY25

    Record non-GAAP gross margin for the quarter.

    Full Year GAAP Gross Margin
    34.4%780 bps YoY increase
    FY25

    Full year GAAP gross margin.

    Full Year Non-GAAP Gross Margin
    39.7%770 bps YoY increase
    FY25

    Full year non-GAAP gross margin.

    Production-related Headcount
    1,244up 46 from prior quarter
    Q4 FY25

    Headcount for production.

    Revenue CAGR (since NASDAQ listing)
    >76%
    2021-2025

    Revenue compound annual growth rate since NASDAQ listing in 2021.

    SG&A as % of Revenue
    trending downward
    Q4 FY25

    SG&A spending as a percentage of revenue.

    Launch Backlog % of Total
    26%
    Q4 FY25

    Percentage of total backlog accounted for by launch services.

    Space Systems Backlog % of Total
    74%
    Q4 FY25

    Percentage of total backlog accounted for by Space Systems.

    Backlog Conversion (next 12 months)
    37%
    Q4 FY25

    Expected conversion of current backlog into revenue within the next 12 months.

    GAAP Operating Expenses
    $119.3 millionbelow guidance range of $122 million to $128 million
    Q4 FY25

    GAAP operating expenses for the quarter.

    Non-GAAP Operating Expenses
    $104.5 millionbelow guidance range of $107 million to $113 million
    Q4 FY25

    Non-GAAP operating expenses for the quarter.

    R&D GAAP Expenses (QoQ increase)
    $8.1 million
    Q4 FY25

    Sequential increase in GAAP R&D expenses.

    R&D Non-GAAP Expenses (QoQ increase)
    $7.7 million
    Q4 FY25

    Sequential increase in non-GAAP R&D expenses.

    R&D Headcount
    1,0127% decrease from prior quarter
    Q4 FY25

    Headcount for R&D.

    SG&A GAAP Expenses (QoQ decrease)
    $5.1 million
    Q4 FY25

    Sequential decrease in GAAP SG&A expenses.

    SG&A Non-GAAP Expenses (QoQ decrease)
    $1.3 million
    Q4 FY25

    Sequential decrease in non-GAAP SG&A expenses.

    SG&A Headcount
    3894% increase from prior quarter
    Q4 FY25

    Headcount for SG&A.

    Total Headcount
    2,645up 43 heads from prior quarter
    Q4 FY25

    Total company headcount.

    Purchase of Property, Equipment, Capitalized Software
    $49.7 millionincrease of $3.8 million from Q3
    Q4 FY25

    Capital expenditures for the quarter.

    GAAP EPS Loss
    $0.09compared to a loss of $0.03 per share in Q3
    Q4 FY25

    GAAP EPS loss for the quarter, primarily attributable to a tax benefit in Q3.

    Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, Marketable Securities
    $1 billion
    end of Q4 FY25

    Ending balance of liquidity.

    Proceeds from ATM Equity Offering
    $280.6 million
    Q4 FY25

    Funds generated from sales of common stock under at-the-market equity offering program.

    Adjusted EBITDA Loss
    $17.4 millionbelow guidance range of $23 million to $29 million loss
    Q4 FY25

    Adjusted EBITDA loss for the quarter.

    Convertible Notes Converted
    $117 million
    Q1 FY26

    Conversion of convertible notes since December 31.

    Convertible Notes Remaining
    7.5 million shares or 11% of original $355 million issuance
    Q1 FY26

    Remaining convertible notes outstanding.

    Electron/HASTE Launches
    21new company record
    FY25

    Total launches across Electron and HASTE.

    Q4 Launches
    7highest number in a single quarter
    Q4 FY25

    Launches conducted in the fourth quarter.

    HASTE Missions
    3
    FY25

    Successful HASTE missions conducted.

    New Launch Contracts Signed
    >30
    FY25

    New launches added to the manifest across Electron and HASTE.

    BlackSky Multi-launch Deal
    4 new launches
    Q4 FY25

    New multi-launch deal signed with BlackSky.

    SDA Contract Value (Tranche 3)
    $816 million
    Q4 FY25

    Largest single contract in Rocket Lab's history, awarded by the Space Development Agency.

    Total SDA Contracts (Tranche 2 + 3)
    >$1.3 billion
    Q4 FY25

    Combined value of contracts signed with the SDA.

    LockSAT Spacecraft Completion
    complete
    Q4 FY25

    Spacecraft for the launch plus spacecraft mission to build and deploy an on-orbit cryogenic fuel depot for NASA is complete.

    Neutron Stage 1 Tank Rupture
    unexpected
    January 2026

    Occurred during a hydrostatic pressure test, leading to a delay in Neutron's first launch.

    Neutron Stage 1 Tank Production
    in production
    Q1 FY26

    The next tank is being built on the AFP machine, eliminating the possibility of the previous hand defect.

    Neutron Hungry Hippo Fairing Qualification
    successfully passed
    Q4 FY25

    Critical flight hardware qualification milestone.

    Neutron Thrust Structure Qualification
    successfully passed
    Q4 FY25

    Critical flight hardware qualification milestone, capable of withstanding 2.1 million pounds of thrust.

    Neutron Interstage Qualification
    undergoing
    Q1 FY26

    Qualification campaign for the interstage, which remains attached to the first stage and is reused.

    Neutron Second Stage Integration
    final integration
    Q1 FY26

    Getting ready for its debut on the test stand LC3.

    NDA Shield Program Contract Value
    up to $151 billion
    Q1 FY26

    Rocket Lab onboarded to the program, providing opportunity to compete for future launch and space systems contracts.

    Industry KPIs

    8
    MetricValueDetails
    Launch cadence21missions
    Free cash flow bridgeuse of $114.2 millionUSD
    Defense program awards$816 millionUSD
    Program segment backlog$816 millionUSD
    Unit deliveries by program21missions
    Production rates by program11 or 13 daysdays
    Production capacity expansionhuge increasemachining capacity
    Total company backlog total estimated contract v$1.85 billionUSD

    Orderbook & backlog

    3
    Total Backlog$1.85 billionend of Q4 2025

    up 73% from Q4 2024; 69% growth sequentially

    Approximately 37% expected to convert into revenue within the next 12 months.

    SDA Tranche 3 contract award$816 millionQ4 2025

    Primarily due to this award; will start to convert into revenue in Q1 FY26.

    Total SDA Contracts (Tranche 2 + 3)>$1.3 billionQ4 2025

    Combined value of contracts with the SDA.

    Product announcements

    2
    ProductTypeDetails
    Space-optimized silicon solar arrayslaunch
    Hybrid solar array solutionlaunch

    Deals & partnerships

    7
    Space Development Agency (SDA)customer contract$816 million

    Contract to build an advanced constellation of 18 spacecraft equipped with missile warning, tracking, and defense sensors. This is the largest single contract in Rocket Lab's history.

    Geosacquisition

    Acquired in 2025, marking Rocket Lab's official entrance into payloads.

    Optical Support, Inc. (OSI)acquisition

    Acquired in Q1 2026. OSI is a Tucson-based leader in the design and manufacture of custom high-precision optical and electro-optical mechanical instruments, a key enabler for national security and commercial satellites.

    Precision Components Limited (PCL)acquisition

    Acquired in Q1 2026. PCL is a New Zealand-based known and trusted supplier, supporting continued scaling of components manufacturing for both launch and space systems.

    BlackSkycustomer contract

    Signed a new multi-launch deal for 4 new launches in Q4 2025.

    Confidential customercustomer contract

    Signed a contract in Q4 2025 in support of national security.

    NDAprogram participationup to $151 billion

    Selected by the NDA for the Shield program.

    Capital programs

    1
    Neutron Developmentunderway
    Period spend: $49.7 million

    Benefit: testing and integrating across the pad at LCI in Wallops, Virginia and Middle River, Maryland, expanding capabilities at our engine development complex in Long Beach, California and build-out of the return on investment recovery barge in Louisiana.

    Capital expenditures reflect ongoing investments in Neutron development, testing, production scaling, and infrastructure expansion. Cash consumption will remain elevated due to these investments.

    Risks & headwinds

    4
    Neutron Stage 1 tank manufacturing defect and associated launch delayQ4 2026 (first launch)

    First launch now targeted for Q4 2026, a delay from earlier targets.

    Mitigation: Identified root cause as a manufacturing defect in a hand-laid process; subsequent tanks built on an automated fiber placement machine; minor design changes for more margin; extensive test and qualification campaign planned.

    Programmatic nonlinearity of revenue recognition and subcontractor progress in Space SystemsQ4 FY25, ongoing

    Space Systems segment revenue saw a sequential decrease of 9.1% in Q4 FY25.

    Mitigation: Increased vertical integration to reduce dependency on third parties; close collaboration with subcontractors to ensure timely deliveries and accelerate revenue recognition.

    Elevated cash consumption due to Neutron development and scaling productionQ4 FY25, Q1 FY26, and beyond

    Q4 FY25 GAAP operating cash flow was a use of $64.5 million, and non-GAAP free cash flow was a use of $114.2 million. Negative non-GAAP free cash flow is expected to remain elevated in Q1 FY26.

    Mitigation: Maintained strong liquidity with $1 billion in cash at Q4 end; generated $280.6 million from at-the-market equity offering program; strategic M&A to vertically integrate and expand capabilities.

    Regulatory review process for Minarik acquisitionOngoing

    The German government is still working methodically through the regulatory review process.

    Mitigation: Company is awaiting conclusion of the process and will provide updates once available.

    Q&A highlights

    7

    Clarification on what SDA contracts and Neutron flights are included in the $1.85B backlog and the expected cadence of Neutron launches post-delay.

    Adam confirmed all SDA contracts (Tranche 2 remaining, Tranche 3 full) are in backlog, and several Neutron flights are included. Peter explained the second tank production is faster due to the AFP machine, and subsequent Neutron flights won't be delayed as much as the first. Adam added that the cost of the second tank is low, and there won't be increased CapEx for it.

    the actual cost to produce that second tank is quite low. The first tank was very expensive because as Pete mentioned earlier, it was a handled up tank. It took a long time, this will be much quicker.

    asked by Andres Sheppard-Slinger · answered by Adam Spice

    3 min read7 chapters

    Detailed Narrative

    01

    Record Financial Performance and Margin Expansion

    Rocket Lab achieved a new annual revenue record of $602 million in FY25, marking a 38% year-on-year increase, alongside a record Q4 revenue of $180 million, up 36% YoY. This strong top-line growth was accompanied by significant margin expansion, with Q4 GAAP gross margin reaching 38% and non-GAAP gross margin at 44.3%, reflecting a 100 bps and 240 bps sequential improvement, respectively. The company's revenue has grown nearly tenfold since its NASDAQ listing in 2021, demonstrating robust competitive positioning and operational efficiency.

    02

    Strategic Vertical Integration through Acquisitions

    The company continued its strategy of vertical integration with key acquisitions. Following Geos in 2025, Rocket Lab acquired Optical Support, Inc. (OSI) in Q1 2026, enhancing its optical systems capabilities crucial for national security and commercial satellites. Additionally, the acquisition of Precision Components Limited (PCL) in Q1 2026 significantly expanded Rocket Lab's machining and manufacturing footprint, supporting the scaling of components for both launch and space systems and reducing supply chain dependencies.

    03

    Electron and HASTE Program Milestones

    Rocket Lab maintained its global leadership in small launch, executing a record 21 missions across Electron and HASTE in 2025, including 7 missions in Q4—its highest single-quarter launch count. The company secured over 30 new launch contracts from a diversified customer base, including a multi-launch deal with BlackSky for 4 missions and a contract with a confidential national security customer. This high cadence and strong demand underscore Rocket Lab's reliable launch services, particularly for critical hypersonic testing programs like Golden Dome.

    04

    Space Systems Growth and SDA Contract Wins

    The Space Systems segment demonstrated substantial growth, highlighted by the largest contract in Rocket Lab's history: an $816 million award from the Space Development Agency (SDA) to build 18 advanced missile warning, tracking, and defense spacecraft. This award, combined with previous contracts, brings Rocket Lab's total SDA contracts to over $1.3 billion, solidifying its position as a disruptive prime contractor in the defense space and a leading merchant supplier for other Tranche 3 contractors.

    05

    Neutron Development Update and Revised Timeline

    Neutron's first launch is now targeted for Q4 2026, a delay from previous expectations. This revision follows a manufacturing defect identified during a hydrostatic pressure test of the Stage 1 tank, which ruptured earlier than anticipated. The issue was traced to a hand-laid process by a third-party contractor, with subsequent tanks now being produced on an automated fiber placement machine to prevent recurrence and incorporate minor design improvements for enhanced manufacturability and margin.

    06

    Neutron Qualification Progress

    Despite the Stage 1 tank setback, Neutron achieved significant qualification milestones in Q4 FY25 and Q1 FY26. The Hungry Hippo fairing and the thrust structure successfully passed qualification, with flight hardware beginning to arrive at Wallops for final assembly and integration. The second stage is in final integration, and Archimedes engines are undergoing rigorous testing to ensure reliability, marking critical steps towards integrated testing and the first flight.

    07

    Innovation in Space Solar Power

    Rocket Lab introduced space-optimized silicon solar arrays and hybrid solar array solutions, leveraging its expertise in space solar technology. These innovations aim to provide cost-effective, industrial-scale power generation for the rapidly expanding satellite industry and future space-based data centers. The silicon arrays offer low cost per watt for gigawatt-class power, while hybrid solutions balance efficiency and cost for optimal performance across various mission requirements.

    AI-generated summary of the company’s earnings call. Not investment advice.