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    TSEM
    Earnings call· Dec 2025(Q4 FY25)

    TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR Q4 FY25 earnings call TSEM

    Feb 11, 2026 Source

    Executive summary

    Tower Semiconductor Q4 FY25 — Record Revenue and Accelerated Financial Model

    Tower Semiconductor delivered a strong Q4 FY25, marked by record revenue and robust growth in its high-value silicon photonics and silicon germanium platforms. The company unveiled an ambitious financial model targeting significant revenue and net profit by 2028, underpinned by strategic capacity expansions and strong customer commitments for future supply.

    Highlights

    5
    • Q4 FY25 revenue reached $440 million, marking an 11% quarter-over-quarter and 14% year-over-year growth.

    • Full year 2025 revenue was $1.566 billion, a 9% increase compared to 2024.

    • Q4 FY25 net profit was $80 million, achieving an 18% net margin, up from 11% in Q1 '25.

    • Silicon Germanium and Silicon Photonics revenues grew to $421 million (27% of corporate revenue) in 2025, up from $241 million (17%) in 2024.

    • The company increased its CapEx plan by an additional $270 million (totaling $920 million) to achieve over 5x SiPho capacity, with over 70% already reserved through 2028.

    Concerns

    4
    • RF mobile revenue decreased 15% year-over-year in 2025, influenced by a proactive reduction of lower-margin offerings and market shifts.

    • Mixed signal CMOS revenue saw an 18% year-over-year decrease in 2025.

    • Discrete segment revenue decreased 14% year-over-year in 2025.

    • Intel expressed its intention not to perform under the September '23 Fab 11X agreement, leading to an ongoing mediation process.

    Guidance & targets

    9
    CategoryTargetConfidence
    Q1 2026 Revenue
    $412 million +/- 5%
    high materiality
    High
    Quarter-over-quarter revenue and profitability growth
    growth
    medium materiality
    High
    Annual Revenue (New Financial Model)
    $2.84 billion
    high materiality
    High
    Gross Margin (New Financial Model)
    39.4%
    high materiality
    High
    Operating Margin (New Financial Model)
    31.7%
    high materiality
    High
    Net Profit (New Financial Model)
    $750 million
    high materiality
    High
    Net Profit Margin (New Financial Model)
    26.4%
    high materiality
    High
    CapEx Tool & Qualification Completion
    fully completed
    medium materiality
    High
    Effective Tax Rate
    at least 15%
    medium materiality
    High

    Segment performance

    8
    SegmentRevenueYoYQoQMargin
    RF Infrastructure
    Fastest-growing application in 2025, driven by hyperscaler adoption of silicon photonics in 800G and 1.6T pluggable transceivers.
    Q4 FY25 Corporate Revenue Share: 32%
    75%
    Silicon Germanium and Silicon Photonics
    Market-leading optical transceiver offerings, propelling growth and redefining the financial model. SiGe running in high volumes across multiple fabs.
    2025 Corporate Revenue Share: 27%2024 Corporate Revenue Share: 17%2024 Revenue: $241 millionSilicon Germanium YoY Growth (2025): 43%
    $421 million
    Silicon Photonics (SiPho)
    Exceptional growth, with 1.6T silicon PICs being the fastest-growing node. Production ramped in Fab 3, Fab 9, Fab 7, and on track for Fab 2.
    2024 Revenue: $106 millionQ4 FY25 Revenue: $95 millionQ4 FY25 Annual Run Rate: $380 million
    $228 million
    RF Mobile
    Overall segment down due to proactive reduction of lower-margin controller offerings and market shift to 300mm. Strong design win momentum for 300mm RFSOI.
    2025 Corporate Revenue Share: 23%Q4 FY25 Corporate Revenue Share: 24%300mm RFSOI YoY Growth: 5.5%
    -15%
    Power Management
    Strong year-over-year revenue growth in both 200mm and 300mm offerings, outpacing market growth rates due to strong offering and share gains.
    2025 Corporate Revenue Share: 16%Q4 FY25 Corporate Revenue Share: 15%
    20%
    Sensors and Displays
    Strength in machine vision market with new advanced products and first ramp in AR display segment with silicon backplane for OLED on silicon.
    2025 Corporate Revenue Share: 16%Q4 FY25 Corporate Revenue Share: 15%
    10%
    Mixed Signal CMOS
    Decrease supports value-driven growth strategy, allowing capacity for higher-margin platforms.
    2025 Corporate Revenue Share: 7%
    -18%
    Discrete
    Decrease supports value-driven growth strategy, allowing capacity for higher-margin platforms.
    2025 Corporate Revenue Share: 11%
    -14%

    Operational metrics

    28
    Q4 FY25 Net Profit
    $80 millionup $26 million (49%) QoQ
    Q4 FY25

    Compared to $54 million in Q3 FY25.

    Q4 FY25 Gross Profit
    $118 millionup $25 million (26%) QoQ
    Q4 FY25

    Compared to prior quarter.

    Q4 FY25 Operating Profit
    $71 millionup 40% QoQ
    Q4 FY25

    Compared to prior quarter.

    Q4 FY25 Basic EPS
    $0.71
    Q4 FY25

    Compared to $0.48 in prior quarter.

    Q4 FY25 Diluted EPS
    $0.70
    Q4 FY25

    Compared to $0.47 in prior quarter.

    Q4 FY25 Effective Tax Rate
    2%
    Q4 FY25

    Includes a nonrecurring tax benefit.

    Full Year 2025 Revenue
    $1.566 billion9% increase YoY
    FY25

    Compared to $1.44 billion in 2024.

    Full Year 2025 Gross Profit
    $364 million
    FY25

    Compared to $339 million in 2024.

    Full Year 2025 Operating Profit
    $194 million
    FY25

    Compared to $191 million in 2024.

    Full Year 2025 Net Profit
    $220 million
    FY25

    Compared to $208 million in 2024.

    Full Year 2025 Basic EPS
    $1.97
    FY25

    Compared to prior year.

    Full Year 2025 Diluted EPS
    $1.94
    FY25

    Compared to prior year.

    Q1-Q4 FY25 Revenue Growth
    $82 million
    FY25

    Revenue growth from Q1 to Q4 of 2025.

    Q1-Q4 FY25 Net Profit Drop Down
    $40 million
    FY25

    From Q1 to Q4 2025 revenue growth, due to high value of incremental Photonics revenue.

    Current Assets Ratio
    6.5x
    Dec 2025

    As of end of December 2025.

    Shareholders' Equity
    $2.9 billion
    Dec 2025

    Reached a record number at the end of December 2025.

    CapEx Paid to Date
    28%
    as of Q4 FY25

    Of the total $920 million CapEx investments.

    CapEx Remaining to be Paid
    72%
    2026 and 2027

    Of the total $920 million CapEx investments.

    New Financial Model Gross Profit
    $1.12 billionmore than tripling FY25 gross profit
    CY2028

    Target for calendar year 2028, reflecting 59% incremental gross profit from incremental revenue compared to FY25.

    New Financial Model Operating Profit
    $900 million4.6x FY25 operating profit
    CY2028

    Target for calendar year 2028, reflecting 55% incremental operating profit from incremental revenue compared to FY25.

    New Financial Model Net Profit
    $750 millionmore than tripling FY25 net profit
    CY2028

    Target for calendar year 2028, reflecting 42% incremental net profit from incremental revenue compared to FY25.

    New Financial Model Revenue CAGR
    22%
    3-year

    From present state to achieving the CY2028 model.

    New Financial Model Net Profit CAGR
    50.5%
    3-year

    From present state to achieving the CY2028 model.

    Fab 2 Utilization Rate
    60%
    Q4 FY25

    In final stages of SiGe and SiPho capacity qualification.

    Fab 3 Utilization Rate
    85%
    Q4 FY25

    Maintained model full utilization, adding SiPho capacity.

    Fab 5 Utilization Rate
    75%
    Q4 FY25

    Utilization rate.

    Fab 7 Utilization Rate
    >85%
    Q4 FY25

    Fully utilized, well above model.

    Fab 9 Utilization Rate
    65%
    Q4 FY25

    Presently in SiPho and SiGe ramp.

    Industry KPIs

    9
    MetricValueDetails
    Backlog order book>70%%
    Ai data center revenue$228 millionUSD
    Market share commentarymajority supplier
    Fab capacity utilization
    Advanced packaging revenue
    Design wins socket pipeline3wins
    Node platform ramp schedule400-gigabit per lane
    End market segment revenue mix
    Strategic supply agreements customer prepayments

    Orderbook & backlog

    1
    SiPho Capacity Reserved>70%Q4 FY25

    Of total SiPho capacity, reserved or in process of reservation through 2028, firmly backed with customer prepayment.

    Product announcements

    2
    ProductTypeDetails
    Silicon backplane for OLED on siliconlaunch
    FMCW LIDAR productsmilestone

    Deals & partnerships

    2
    NVIDIAPartnership

    Collaboration on 1.6 terabyte per second silicon PICs, with Tower being the majority supplier. Underscores commitment to deliver best-in-class technology and manufacturing agility to meet exceptional demand trajectory.

    AVA and LightICCollaboration

    Publicly announced collaboration on bringing disruptive FMCW LIDAR products to market ahead of CES.

    Capital programs

    1
    Capacity Expansion for SiPho and SiGeunderway$920 million
    Period spend: 28% paid to date, 72% in 2026 and 2027
    Spent to date: 28% of $920 million
    Funding: cash
    Start: 2025

    Benefit: greater than 5x SiPho capacity vs. Q4 '25 monthly wafer shipments

    Additional $270 million CapEx investment on top of previously announced $650 million. Includes capability CapEx for advanced development and high-end RF technology-related projects. Expands capacity in 8-inch fabs (Israel, Newport Beach, Texas) and 12-inch Uozu Fab in Japan. All tools and customer qualifications planned to be fully completed within 2026.

    Risks & headwinds

    3
    Intel Fab 11X Agreement Non-Performance

    Intel expressed its intention not to perform under the September '23 Fab 11X agreement.

    Mitigation: Currently in a mediation process; customers being redirected to Fab 7 in Japan.

    Memory Shortages and Price Increases

    Ongoing memory shortages or increased prices called out by peers.

    Mitigation: Working closely with customers for planning; capacity is fungible, allowing backfill with other products if demand declines for lower-margin products.

    CapEx Tool Arrival and Qualification Delays

    Potential for 1-2 months delay for 1 or 2 tools.

    Mitigation: Internal targets are more aggressive than expressed targets; bulk of capacity growth expected, with only a handful of tools potentially delayed due to shipping or unforeseen issues.

    Q&A highlights

    8

    Clarification on the nature of the NVIDIA collaboration, specifically if Tower will be manufacturing transceivers or providing broader services within the module.

    Tower's role in the module relates to the output parameters of its photonics, TIAs, or drivers, but the company does not directly ship photonics to NVIDIA. The partnership involves alignments on supply needs and commitments through module customers.

    the part of our role in the module is the output parameters of our photonics or of the TIA or of the drivers or of the -- for the pluggable or as well for the copper or optical cable. But the partnership is referring to the fact of alignments and needs directly and through our module customers and understandings of supply needs and commitments on supply shipments.

    asked by Mehdi Hosseini · answered by Russell Ellwanger

    2 min read6 chapters

    Detailed Narrative

    01

    Silicon Photonics and Silicon Germanium Growth

    Tower's market-leading optical transceiver offerings, silicon germanium, and SiPho advanced platforms drove significant growth in 2025. RF infrastructure revenue increased by 75% year-over-year. Combined SiGe and SiPho revenues reached $421 million, representing 27% of corporate revenues in 2025, a substantial increase from $241 million (17%) in 2024. SiPho revenues alone more than doubled, growing from $106 million in 2024 to $228 million in 2025, with Q4 '25 SiPho revenues at $95 million, indicating a $380 million annual run rate.

    02

    Capacity Expansion and Customer Commitments

    The company announced an additional $270 million CapEx investment, bringing the total CapEx plan to $920 million. This investment aims to expand SiPho capacity to over 5x the actual Q4 '25 monthly wafer shipments. Notably, over 70% of this expanded SiPho capacity is already reserved or in the process of reservation through 2028, firmly backed by customer prepayments, providing strong forward demand visibility and confidence in the accelerated financial model.

    03

    Advanced Technology Development and Co-packaged Optics

    Tower is actively progressing in next-generation 400-gigabit per lane technologies, including heterogeneously integrated indium phosphide on silicon. The company views co-packaged optics (CPO) as a substantial incremental opportunity, particularly as optics are adopted in scale-up interconnects and XPU to high-bandwidth memory interconnects. They are also working on dense wavelength division multiplexing laser sources, which could significantly expand their served optical market.

    04

    RF Mobile and Power Management Performance

    RF mobile represented 23% of 2025 corporate revenue, with 300mm RFSOI showing a 5.5% year-over-year increase, despite the overall RF mobile segment declining 15%. This decline was attributed to a strategic shift away from lower-margin controller offerings and a market transition from 200mm to 300mm. Power Management demonstrated strong growth, up 20% year-over-year, driven by both 200mm and 300mm offerings, including the ramp of a Tier 1 handset envelope tracker.

    05

    Sensors and Displays & Other Segments

    The Sensors and Displays segment grew 10% year-over-year, benefiting from strength in the machine vision market and the commencement of production for silicon backplane for OLED on silicon in the AR display segment. Conversely, Mixed signal CMOS and Discrete segments experienced decreases of 18% and 14% year-over-year, respectively, aligning with the company's strategy to reallocate capacity to higher-margin platforms.

    06

    Fab Utilization and Intel Fab 11X Update

    Fab utilization rates varied across facilities in Q4 FY25, with Fab 2 at 60%, Fab 3 at 85%, Fab 5 at 75%, Fab 7 fully utilized (above 85%), and Fab 9 at 65%, reflecting ongoing SiPho and SiGe ramps and qualifications. The company also disclosed that Intel expressed its intention not to proceed with the September '23 Fab 11X agreement, leading to an ongoing mediation process and redirection of affected customers to Fab 7 in Japan.

    AI-generated summary of the company’s earnings call. Not investment advice.