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    WULF
    Earnings call· Dec 2025(Q4 FY25)

    TERAWULF Q4 FY25 earnings call WULF

    Feb 26, 2026 Source

    Executive summary

    TeraWulf Q4 FY25 — Strategic Shift to Power-Backed AI Infrastructure Platform

    TeraWulf completed a transformative Q4 FY25, pivoting from Bitcoin mining to a scaled, power-backed AI infrastructure platform. The company secured significant HPC lease agreements and financing, while strategically acquiring power assets and developing new brownfield sites in Kentucky and Maryland. Despite a GAAP net loss driven by non-cash adjustments and increased operating expenses for growth, the focus remains on disciplined execution to deliver contracted megawatts and recurring cash flow.

    Highlights

    5
    • Secured over $12.8 billion of HPC lease agreements, validating the company's model and execution capability.

    • Executed $6.5 billion of debt and equity-linked financing, materially strengthening balance sheet liquidity.

    • HPC lease revenue increased to $9.7 million in Q4, up 35% from $7.2 million in Q3, demonstrating rapid growth in the new segment.

    • Acquired 100% of [indiscernible] electricity and data, eliminating related party complexity and integrating power generation expertise.

    • Secured long-duration site control at Cayuga (up to 400 megawatts) and the 480-megawatt Kentucky campus with strong state support.

    Concerns

    4
    • GAAP net loss in 2025 was $661.4 million, significantly higher than $72.4 million in 2024, primarily due to noncash fair value adjustments related to Google warrants.

    • Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA in 2025 was negative $23.1 million, down from positive $60.4 million in 2024, reflecting heavy investment in the HPC business.

    • Q4 2025 revenue was $35.8 million, down from $50.6 million in Q3 2025, primarily driven by lower Bitcoin production.

    • SG&A expense rose to $66.6 million in Q4 from $16.7 million in Q3, and full-year SG&A increased to $147.8 million in 2025 from $70.6 million in 2024, as the platform scaled.

    Guidance & targets

    10
    CategoryTargetConfidence
    Contracted capacity
    250-500 megawatts
    high materiality
    High
    Core42 CB-2B operational status
    fully online
    medium materiality
    High
    Core42 capacity operational status
    energized and revenue producing
    medium materiality
    High
    Fluidstack CB-3 delivery
    deliver in mid-May
    medium materiality
    High
    Fluidstack CB-4 lease commencement
    Q3 2026
    medium materiality
    High
    Fluidstack CB-5 lease commencement
    Q4 2026
    medium materiality
    High
    Abernathy JV lease commencement
    Q4 2026
    medium materiality
    High
    Kentucky 480 MW online target
    480 megawatts online
    high materiality
    Medium
    Morgantown Phase 1 completion
    end of '28 kind of in '29 and beyond
    medium materiality
    Low
    Full-time employees
    close to 300
    low materiality
    High

    Segment performance

    2
    SegmentRevenueYoYQoQMargin
    HPC Leasing
    Revenue increased from $7.2 million in Q3. The reported annual segment profit margin of 42% adjusts to 77% after accounting for tenant bid-out revenue, development/pre-revenue operating costs, and partial period revenue contribution, converging towards the 85% steady-state guidance.
    Adjusted segment profit margin: 77%Long-term steady-state margin guidance: 85%
    $9.7M35%42%
    Digital Asset (Bitcoin Mining)
    Contributed meaningfully to full-year revenue but is expected to decline in volatility as HPC revenues become dominant. Mining's flexible load profile has been strategically valuable for demand response and power cost management.
    $151.6M

    Operational metrics

    47
    Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA
    -$23.1Mdown from +$60.4M in 2024
    FY25

    Inclusive of significant increases in SG&A and operating expense over the past 12 months as the company invests heavily in its HPC business.

    Cash and restricted cash balance
    $3.7B
    as of 2025-12-31

    Part of total assets amounting to $6.6 billion.

    Total assets
    $6.6B
    as of 2025-12-31

    Total liabilities amounted to $6.4 billion.

    Total liabilities
    $6.4B
    as of 2025-12-31

    Total assets amounted to $6.6 billion.

    HoldCo parent available cash
    $500M$300M pro forma for Kentucky acquisition
    as of 2026-01-31

    Available cash at the HoldCo parent entity.

    WULF Compute gross cash
    $3B
    as of 2026-01-31

    Net of debt service reserve and interest during construction accounts.

    WULF Compute CapEx spend complete
    $850M
    as of 2026-01-31

    Remaining CapEx is $2.38 billion.

    WULF Compute CapEx remaining
    $2.38B
    as of 2026-01-31

    With $850 million of CapEx spend complete.

    WULF Compute cash cushion
    $200M
    as of 2026-01-31

    Incremental to substantial contingencies embedded in the financing structure.

    WULF Compute debt and maturity reduction
    $45M
    versus prior projections

    Net effect of design optimization and schedule adjustments improves projected cash flows and reduces expected debt and maturity.

    Abernathy JV gross cash
    $1.5B
    as of 2026-01-31

    Net of debt service reserve, interest-bearing construction, letter of credit, and HoldCo lockbox accounts.

    Abernathy JV CapEx spend complete
    $268M
    as of 2026-01-31

    Remaining CapEx is $1.1 billion.

    Abernathy JV CapEx remaining
    $1.1B
    as of 2026-01-31

    With $268 million of CapEx spend complete.

    Abernathy JV cash cushion
    $70M
    as of 2026-01-31

    With a further $100 million liquidity reserve at the parent JV supported by a $1.35 billion lump-sum CPC contracts with Hypertech.

    Critical IT capacity increase (CB-4 and CB-5)
    12 MW
    across CB-4 and CB-5

    Through design optimization, critical IT capacity increased from 162 megawatts to 168 megawatts per building.

    Additional lease revenue from capacity increase
    $200M
    over initial term

    The incremental 12 megawatts across the campus is expected to generate approximately $200 million of additional lease revenue over the initial term.

    PUE
    1.25
    Q4 FY25

    Reflective of geographic location and cooling design.

    PUE
    1.4
    Q4 FY25

    Reflective of geographic location and cooling design.

    Battery storage per MW load
    0.5 MW
    future

    The right composition is about 0.5 megawatt of storage per megawatt of load to impact peak demand and provide grid benefits.

    Data center CapEx per MW
    $8M-$10M
    future

    Standard CapEx range for data center development.

    Power generation CapEx per MW
    $2M-$3M
    future

    For the fully delivered power plant, part of the Morgantown development.

    Battery storage CapEx per MW
    $1M
    future

    Estimated cost for battery storage component at Morgantown.

    Fully loaded CapEx per MW
    $13M-$14M
    future

    Total CapEx for data center, power generation, and battery storage at Morgantown.

    Critical IT megawatts per building
    160-168 MW
    future

    Base building block for new developments, roughly 200 gross megawatts.

    Gross megawatts per building
    200 MW
    future

    Roughly 200 gross megawatts, corresponding to 160-168 critical IT megawatts.

    Full-time employees
    under 100
    end of 2024

    Reflects staffing levels before significant HPC expansion.

    Full-time employees
    close to 300
    exit 2026

    Targeted staffing level to support HPC deployment and scaled platform.

    Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation)
    $18.9Mup 10% from $17.1M in Q3
    Q4 FY25

    Increased due to scaling the platform.

    Demand response proceeds
    $17.7Mup from $8.6M in 2024
    FY25

    Increased year-over-year, supporting power cost management.

    Operating expenses
    $8.8Mup from $4.5M in Q3
    Q4 FY25

    Increased as the platform scaled to support HPC deployment.

    Operating expenses
    $19.7Mup from $7.6M in 2024
    FY25

    Reflecting staffing and operational readiness for HPC deployment.

    SG&A expense
    $66.6Mup from $16.7M in Q3
    Q4 FY25

    Increased as the platform scaled to support HPC deployments.

    SG&A expense
    $147.8Mup from $70.6M in 2024
    FY25

    Total SG&A for 2025.

    SG&A expense (adjusted for stock-based compensation)
    $94.5Mup from $39.7M in 2024
    FY25

    Primarily attributable to an incremental $47.5 million of new hires, strategic growth performance, and milestone-based employee compensation.

    Incremental new hires/compensation
    $47.5M
    FY25

    Attributable to new hires, strategic growth performance, and milestone-based employee compensation in 2025.

    Total SG&A (adjusted for incremental compensation)
    $47M
    FY25

    In line with prior guidance of $50 million to $55 million.

    Depreciation
    $88.6Mup from $59.8M in 2024
    FY25

    Reflecting infrastructure placed into service and accelerated depreciation.

    Accelerated depreciation (mining assets)
    $19.6M
    FY25

    Associated with certain mining assets transitioning to HPC use.

    Interest expense
    $62.4Mcompared to $9.8M in Q3
    Q4 FY25

    Increases in net interest expense were expected following capital raises.

    Interest income
    $31.5Mcompared to $4.1M in Q3
    Q4 FY25

    Increases in net interest expense were expected following capital raises.

    Interest expense
    $80.2Mcompared to $19.8M in 2024
    FY25

    Annual interest expense.

    Interest income
    $39Mcompared to $3.9M in 2024
    FY25

    Annual interest income.

    Cash interest paid
    $6.9M
    Q4 FY25

    Actual cash interest paid during the quarter.

    Cash interest paid
    $13.9M
    FY25

    Actual cash interest paid during the calendar year.

    Change in fair value of warrant and derivative liabilities
    -$429.8M
    FY25

    Primarily related to the Google warrants. This is a noncash loss and does not affect liquidity.

    Equity in net loss of investee (Abernathy JV)
    $4.1M
    FY25

    Represents TeraWulf's 50.1% share of the net loss of the Abernathy joint venture, formed in October 2025 and not yet commenced operations.

    GAAP net loss
    -$661.4Mcompared to -$72.4M in 2024
    FY25

    Primarily driven by noncash fair value adjustments related to the Google warrants and noncash depreciation.

    Industry KPIs

    3
    MetricValueDetails
    Capacity CAPEX250-500 MWMW
    Revenue growth$35.8MUSD
    Operating FCF margin rule of 4042%%

    Orderbook & backlog

    1
    HPC lease agreements secured$12.8BQ4 FY25

    total value of agreements

    Deals & partnerships

    5
    [indiscernible] electricity and dataAcquired 100% of the entity to integrate power generation expertise into the platform.

    First, we acquired 100% of [indiscernible] electricity and data, eliminating related party complexity and fully integrating power generation expertise into our platform.

    Fluidstack (supported by Google's credit)450-megawatt lease agreement for AI capacity.

    Third, we signed a 450-megawatt lease with Fluidstack supported by Google's credit. That was a platform-defining deal. It validated our model, our execution capability and ability to contract at scale.

    Core42HPC capacity lease for CB-2A and CB-2B.

    began recording HPC revenue and have now delivered CB-2A for Core42. We are building delivering and contracting simultaneously.

    AbernathyJoint venture for Texas expansion, proving portability across power markets.

    Fourth, we replicated the model in Texas through the Abernathy joint venture, proving portability across power markets.

    HypertechLump-sum CPC contracts.$1.35B

    supported by a $1.35 billion lump-sum CPC contracts with Hypertech.

    Capital programs

    2
    Morgantown Phase 1 Developmentunderway

    Benefit: 500 MW data center load, 500 MW new dispatchable generation, 250 MW battery storage

    Phase 1 vision includes approximately 500 megawatts of new dispatchable generation, 250 megawatts of battery storage and 500 megawatts of data center load, followed by a similar Phase II. FERC approval expected within 3-6 months. Maryland state leadership is supportive with expedited permitting.

    Kentucky 480 MW Campus Developmentunderway
    Funding: secured loan facilities (targeting)

    Benefit: 480 MW data center load

    Targeting 480 megawatts online in the second half of 2027. Proposals are in hand for secured loan facilities to fund pre-leased development. Fluor has been selected as the EPC contractor, and a limited notice to proceed has been issued.

    Risks & headwinds

    4
    Transition from Bitcoin mining to HPC/AI infrastructureQ4 2025 and ongoing

    2025 results still reflect meaningful contribution from Bitcoin mining and its inherent volatility, including commodity pricing and complex network difficulty dynamics.

    Mitigation: Over time, that volatility will decline as long-term credit-enhanced HPC revenues become the dominant driver of results. Bitcoin mining's flexible load profile has been strategically valuable in supporting demand response and power cost management.

    Power constraint for AI build-outongoing

    The AI build-out is not constrained by GPUs; it is constrained by power, interconnection transmission, and increasingly new generation. Morgan Stanley estimates a potential 47 gigawatts shortfall from 2025 to 2028.

    Mitigation: Morgantown site is engineered to operate as a net generator, adding capacity in constrained markets. The company focuses on integrated 'bring-your-own generation' campuses and leverages its expertise in permitting, building, and operating generation.

    Permitting and regulatory approvals for new sitesnext 3-6 months for FERC, ongoing for others

    FERC approval for Morgantown is expected within 3 to 6 months. Local and state approvals are needed for Kentucky and Morgantown.

    Mitigation: FERC approval is a pro forma process for transferring existing power facilities. Strong state and local support in Kentucky and Maryland, including written commitments for expedited permitting, are facilitating the process. The company engages thoughtfully with energy suppliers and local communities.

    Scope, timing, and cost management in large-scale AI infrastructure development2025-2026

    Schedule adjustments resulted in approximately $16 million less projected revenue in years 2025 through 2026 for WULF Compute.

    Mitigation: The company has incorporated adjustments transparently, preserved economics, increased capacity (e.g., 12 MW additional critical IT capacity generating $200M additional lease revenue), and maintained budget integrity. Execution risk declines as design standardizes and builds mature.

    What to watch in Q1 FY26

    5

    Core42 CB-2B operational status

    Q1 FY26
    Currentexpected to be fully online in March
    Targetfully operational and revenue producing

    Why it matters

    Completion of Core42 capacity is key to ramping HPC revenue and reducing Bitcoin mining volatility.

    CB-2B is expected to be fully online in March. By the end of the first quarter, all Core42 capacity will be energized and revenue producing.

    Q&A highlights

    6

    Can you provide more details on the Kentucky site and what an ideal customer or lease would look like there?

    The Kentucky site is a fantastic former smelter location with immediate power availability and scale. Demand is extremely strong from hyperscalers and AI compute platforms, with substantive discussions and written term sheets. Management met with Governor Beshear, noting strong state and local support. The company aims for a world-class credit customer for a 10-15 year deal, expecting a deal soon.

    I think you'll see a world-class credit as our next customer, for what we're hoping to be a 10- or 15-year deal. I think we'll see that deal happen pretty soon.

    asked by Mike Grondahl · answered by Paul Prager

    2 min read6 chapters

    Detailed Narrative

    01

    Strategic Pivot to AI Infrastructure

    TeraWulf successfully transitioned in 2025, acquiring 100% of [indiscernible] electricity and data, securing 400 MW site control at Cayuga, and signing a 450 MW lease with Fluidstack (Google-backed). This strategy emphasizes controlling energy-advantaged sites, engineering infrastructure for power, and contracting long-term, credit-backed AI capacity. The company's model was validated by the Fluidstack deal, which also made Google its largest shareholder through warrants.

    02

    Morgantown Development and Power Strategy

    The Morgantown site, a former coal facility in the power-constrained Washington D.C. corridor, is being engineered as a net generator to the grid. Phase 1 envisions approximately 500 MW of new dispatchable generation, 250 MW of battery storage, and 500 MW of data center load, with a similar Phase II planned. This approach addresses the AI build-out's power constraints, as the industry moves towards integrated 'bring-your-own generation' campuses, a trend TeraWulf is well ahead of.

    03

    Kentucky Site Progress and Customer Demand

    The 480 MW Kentucky campus, a former smelter site with immediate power availability, is seeing strong demand from hyperscalers and AI compute platforms. Management met with Governor Beshear, noting strong state and local support for the project. The company is targeting a world-class credit customer for a 10-15 year deal, with a limited notice to proceed already issued to Fluor, the EPC contractor, to accelerate development.

    04

    Execution and Risk Management in HPC Delivery

    The company delivered WULF Den and CB-1 in Q3, with CB-2A operational and CB-2B expected online in March. Fluidstack buildings CB-3, CB-4, and CB-5 are on schedule for mid-May, Q3, and Q4 2026, respectively. Design optimizations increased critical IT capacity by 12 MW across CB-4/CB-5 without impacting the base construction budget, projected to generate $200 million in additional lease revenue over the initial term.

    05

    Capital Structure and Liquidity

    TeraWulf secured $6.5 billion in debt and equity-linked financing in H2 2025. As of Dec 31, 2025, cash and restricted cash totaled $3.7 billion. WULF Compute and Abernathy are fully funded through substantial completion with long-term fixed-rate financing, eliminating construction funding uncertainty and reducing reliance on additional equity for currently contracted development. The HoldCo parent entity had $500 million of available cash as of January 31, 2026.

    06

    PUE and Site Redundancy Advantages

    TeraWulf achieves best-in-class PUE (1.25 for northern sites like Lake Mariner and Cayuga, 1.4 for southern Abernathy) due to geographic location and heavy investment in cooling. Brownfield sites, such as former smelters or coal plants, offer inherent redundancy with multiple independent power pathways, obviating the need for on-site diesel generators. This design philosophy contributes to both efficiency and reliability.

    AI-generated summary of the company’s earnings call. Not investment advice.